Debitum
Latvian ISP-licensed business-debt P2P with buyback-secured notes from €10.
- AUM / total financed
- 130M EUR
Sobre a plataforma.
Debitum (operated by SIA DN Operator) is a Latvian P2P platform that lets retail investors finance short-term business loans across the Baltics and Eastern Europe. Operating under an Investment Service Provider (ISP) licence from the Bank of Latvia since 2021, it has financed roughly €130M cumulatively with around €58M in the outstanding portfolio. Loans are buyback-secured with target yields up to 15% and a €10 minimum — although a March 2026 controversy over Latvian forestry-sector originator pricing has weighed on investor sentiment.
Pontos fortes e cuidados.
Prós
- Bank of Latvia ISP licence (MiFID II investment firm)
- Buyback guarantee on the vast majority of loans
- €10 minimum
- Up to 15% target APR on business debt
- EUR-only — no FX risk
- Auto-invest with country and originator filters
Contras
- March 2026 reports of inflated asset prices at Latvian forestry-sector originators
- No secondary market — capital is locked until maturity
- No mobile app
- Historical net-return data not published in aggregate
- Heavy concentration in a handful of in-group originators
How it works.
Debitum is a SME crowdlending platform based in Latvia, supervised by Bank of Latvia. Investors deposit funds, browse open opportunities and commit capital project-by-project or via automated rules.
Once a project is fully funded, the platform releases capital to the borrower and collects scheduled payments — interest plus principal — which are credited to your investor account. Most European platforms publish a public dashboard with projected and realised cashflows.
Loans on Debitum carry a 60-day buyback, which steps in if the borrower stops paying. The strength of that protection depends on the financial health of the originator standing behind it — not the platform itself.
Opening an account.
- 01 Create an account on the platform with your email and a strong, unique password (use a manager).
- 02 Complete KYC — upload a government-issued ID document and proof of address (utility bill, bank statement, dated within 3 months).
- 03 Confirm tax residency and provide a tax-ID number for the country where you’ll declare returns.
- 04 Fund the investor account via sepa / bank transfer (minimum €10). First deposits sometimes take 1 business day to credit.
- 05 Review the loan book — read the project memo, originator history, collateral pack and default-rate disclosures before committing capital.
- 06 Build a portfolio of 20–30 positions to diversify; configure auto-invest rules if you prefer a hands-off approach.
- 07 Track monthly statements, reinvest scheduled returns, and withdraw available cash to your bank account whenever needed.
Fees & charges.
- Account opening: free — there is no signup, KYC or annual maintenance fee for investors.
- Minimum deposit: €10 per transaction. There is no upper limit for retail accounts; institutional and family-office tickets are negotiated separately.
- Deposit fees: SEPA and local bank transfers are free. Cross-border SWIFT may incur correspondent-bank charges set by your bank, not the platform.
- Investment fees: typically zero on the investor side — the platform earns from origination / servicing fees paid by the borrower or sponsor, and that economic burden is already reflected in the headline yield.
- Servicing fees: some platforms levy a small annual servicing fee (often 0.5–1 %) on outstanding principal; check the latest fee schedule on the platform’s legal page before allocating size.
- Withdrawal fees: free for in-region SEPA or local bank transfers; non-EUR / non-local withdrawals may incur a small fixed bank fee.
- Secondary-market fees: when a secondary market exists, sellers typically pay a 0.5–1 % transaction fee on the realised price; check before listing.
- Tax: interest and capital gains are taxable in your country of residence. Most European platforms do not withhold automatically — investors report income in their annual return and may apply double-tax-treaty relief where available.
Deposits & withdrawals.
- Deposit methods: SEPA bank transfer, card payment. Crypto is not supported.
- Minimum deposit: €10 per transaction. No upper limit for retail accounts.
- Deposit processing: SEPA usually credits within 1 business day; instant SEPA arrives in minutes where supported.
- Withdrawal method: SEPA transfer to the bank account on file. No third-party withdrawals.
- Withdrawal processing: Available cash typically arrives within 1–3 business days; funds locked in active loans only return as borrowers repay.
- Early exit: No secondary market — plan on holding loans to maturity.
Historical yields.
The platform advertises target gross yields in the up to 15% APR band. Realised net returns on a diversified portfolio typically run 1–3 percentage points below the headline range once defaults, cash drag and fees are taken into account.
Track record is best read against the Latvia macro context — local interest rates, property cycle and employment data move loan-default rates in real time. Investors should diversify across at least 20–30 loans before extrapolating any single year of returns.
Headline yields are quoted before the value of the 60-day buyback. In a normal market this protection has historically smoothed the realised return; in a stressed market its value depends on the originator’s capacity to honour the buyback.
Licences & regulation.
- Licence
- ISP
- Regulator
- Bank of Latvia
- Public registry
- Verify on the regulator's website
Who it suits.
Suited to investors wanting direct exposure to alternative-asset opportunities with a 12–36 months horizon, comfortable with default risk and limited liquidity. Minimum ticket from €10. Recommended portfolio size: 20–30 deals for adequate diversification; treat as a complement to traditional fixed-income, not a substitute.
Risk disclaimer.
Capital at risk. Investments on Debitum are not bank deposits and are not covered by any deposit-guarantee scheme (FGD in Spain, FGDR in France, gli istituti di garanzia in Italy, etc.). You can lose part or all of your capital.
Default risk. Borrowers may stop paying. Even with collateral or buyback, recovery is slow and partial in stressed scenarios.
Buyback risk. The buyback guarantee is a contractual promise from the loan originator — not from the platform, and not from any government. Multiple originator failures since 2020 have shown the protection can fail in practice.
Liquidity risk. There is no secondary market — invested capital is locked until the loan or project reaches maturity.
Tax. Interest and capital gains are taxable in your country of residence. Most European platforms do not withhold automatically.
Where to find Debitum.
- Website: debitum.investments
- Support email: typically
support@debitum.investments— confirm on the platform’s contact page before sending sensitive information. - Registered office: Latvia (verify the exact address on the platform’s legal page).
- Public reviews: Trustpilot aggregates the investor feedback we ingest.
- Regulator on file: Bank of Latvia.
- Investor relations: Debitum publishes monthly performance and loan-book updates on its blog and newsletter — subscribe before allocating meaningful capital.
Frequently asked.
Is Debitum regulated?
Debitum operates under supervision of Bank of Latvia. Supervision covers conduct, disclosure, segregation of investor cash and minimum capital requirements. It does not guarantee that any individual deal will perform as advertised — investors retain full project-level risk on every position they hold.
What is the minimum investment on Debitum?
The minimum ticket per deal is €10. There is no upper limit for retail accounts; institutional tickets are arranged separately with the platform.
What returns can I expect from Debitum?
Advertised gross yields are high single to low double digits per annum. Realised net returns depend on default rates, cash drag (money waiting between deals) and any servicing fees — expect actual portfolio returns 1–3 percentage points below the headline range after a full investment cycle.
How long does it take to withdraw funds from Debitum?
Available cash typically arrives via SEPA or local bank transfer within 1–3 business days. Funds locked in active deals only return as borrowers repay; there is no secondary market, so plan on holding to maturity.
What happens if a borrower defaults?
In an underwriting failure, the platform pursues the contractual recovery path — the buyback guarantee from the originator should refund principal plus accrued interest, with workouts typically taking 12–24 months. Recovery is rarely 100 %, and investors should size positions accordingly.
What happens if Debitum itself goes bankrupt?
Investor cash held on the platform is segregated from Debitum’s own balance sheet, as required by the rules of Bank of Latvia. In an insolvency, cash should be returned to investors and outstanding loans transferred to a runoff administrator who continues to collect repayments on investors’ behalf. The process can take 12–24 months and recovery is rarely 100 %, but the loans you own remain your property, not the platform’s.
Do I pay tax on the income?
Yes — interest, dividends and realised capital gains are taxable in your country of residence. Most platforms do not withhold automatically; investors report the income in their annual tax return and may apply double-tax-treaty relief where available.
What is the typical deal duration on Debitum?
Typical project duration is 12–36 months. Longer durations generally pay higher headline yields but lock capital for longer and increase exposure to macro cycles; shorter durations offer faster reinvestment but reset rates more often.
How many deals should I hold to be diversified?
A common rule of thumb is 20–30 positions to absorb single-deal default risk. Below 10 positions, one bad loan can wipe out a year of returns; above 30 the marginal benefit of further diversification flattens. Auto-invest rules make this easy to maintain over time.
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